Double Voice Explorer - 4-Category Analysis (LO/LWR × Editorial/Correspondence)

Colonial Lagos Newspapers: 4-Category Emotional Analysis (Editorial & Correspondence by Newspaper)

📁 Upload Data Files

📰 Lagos Observer - Editorials

✉️ Lagos Observer - Correspondence

Reader submissions section

📰 Lagos Weekly Record - Editorials

✉️ LWR Reader Submissions

Future expansion - Currently not available

📊 4-Category Analysis Mode Active

Comparing emotional patterns across: LO Editorial, LO Correspondence, LWR Editorial, and LWR Correspondence

Double Voice Calculation Methods

🎯 DV Score (Geometric Mean)

√(Emotion1 × Emotion2)

Measures the synergistic strength of both emotions

📉 DV Min (Minimum)

min(Emotion1, Emotion2)

The weaker emotion acts as bottleneck

⚖️ Balance

1 - |Emotion1 - Emotion2|

How balanced the emotions are (1 = perfectly balanced)

💪 Intensity

(Emotion1 + Emotion2) / 2

Average strength of both emotions

✅ Valid DV

Both ≥ Threshold → 1, else → 0

True Double Voice requires both emotions above threshold

🔬 Validation Information

Method: Cohen's weighted kappa coefficients with quadratic weighting

Dataset: Lagos Observer editorials (n=50)

Source: Sawada & Sasaki (2025). "Quantitative Analysis of Negativity in Colonial Nigerian Newspapers." DH 2025, Lisbon.

Reliability by Emotion:

High (κ > 0.7): Disgust (0.843), Anger (0.819), Joy (0.747), Trust (0.705)
Moderate (κ ≈ 0.4): Surprise (0.441), Anticipation (0.419)
Low (κ ≈ 0.3): Sadness (0.321), Fear (0.300)

🔮 Future Development

Current validation limited to Lagos Observer subset. Future improvements planned:

Expanded validation with Lagos Weekly Record
Larger sample sizes for comprehensive statistical analysis
Additional visualization options and statistical measures

🎭 Double Voice Explorer 4-Category Analysis Mode